Glossary
D
- Data availability samplingA technique in which nodes can verify that data is available for a block without having to download the entire block, formerly known as data availability proofs.
- Data availabilityThe condition of whether or not transaction data was made available for nodes to download, when a block was proposed.
- Data throughputA measurement of the data capacity of a blockchain. Data throughput is calculated by the amount of data that a blockchain can process, measured in kb/s or mb/s.
- Data withholding attackA type of attack that occurs when a block producer proposes a new block but does not share the underlying transaction data that was used to create the block.
S
- ShardingThe process of separating a blockchain from a single chain into multiple chains (shards).
- Shared securitySecurity that a blockchain inherits from an external source.
- SlashingA mechanism employed in PoS blockchains that is used to deter and punish malicious behavior.
- Social consensusThe process by which individuals come to an agreement on a change that will be made to a blockchain.
- Sovereign applicationAn application that is deployed on its own sovereign blockchain.
- Sovereign blockchainA blockchain that has independent control over itself and its applications via social consensus.
- State transition fraud proofA method for proving that a state transition is invalid.
- Synchrony assumptionAn assumption that the network is synchronous such that when a message is sent it will be received within a certain amount of time.
T
- ThroughputA measurement of the capacity of a blockchain. Throughput primarily measures two elements: data throughput and transaction throughput.
- The data availability problemA problem that is concerned with whether the data in the proposed block can be verified that it is available.
- Transaction throughputThe computational capacity of a blockchain. Transaction throughput is commonly calculated by the number of transactions that can be processed per second (TPS).
- Trust minimized bridgeA bridge between two blockchains that doesn’t require an intermediary, a committee, or an honest majority assumption to ensure that funds can’t be stolen.
- Trusted bridgeA bridge between two blockchains that requires either a trusted intermediary, committee, or an honest majority assumption to ensure that funds can’t be stolen.
V
- ValidatorA full node that is part of the validator set in a PoS blockchain.
- Validator setA group of validators that are responsible for directly participating in the consensus of a blockchain through either voting, producing, or proposing blocks.
- Validity proofA problem that is concerned with whether the data in the proposed block can be verified that it is available.
- ValidiumA bridge between two blockchains that doesn’t require an intermediary, a committee, or an honest majority assumption to ensure that funds can’t be stolen.
- VolitionA bridge between two blockchains that doesn’t require an intermediary, a committee, or an honest majority assumption to ensure that funds can’t be stolen.
- zk-RollupA type of rollup that posts its blocks to a separate chain with a validity proof that attests to the correctness of the block.